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Burg Stargard (Polabian ''Stargart'') is a small town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated southeast of Neubrandenburg. The town's sights include: Germany’s most northerly hill castle, a local history museum in the castle, a historic town centre, an exhibition by Marie Hager, the well-known German artist, and the wildlife park. == History == The castle is first mentioned in 1170, as ''Stargart'' — meaning "old castle,"old city/town" in the now-extinct West Slavic language Polabian, Pomeranian and the only surviving cousin of Polabian, Kashubian language. The name is a combination of stari (''old'') and gard (''town/city/castle''). Allegedly, the Bishopric of Havelberg presented the castle to Broda Abbey on its foundation, but the relevant document is a forgery; the place is attested as ''Staregart'' in a later document, however, probably dating to the year 1244.〔 Ernst Eichler and Werner Mühlmer (2002), ''Die Namen der Städte in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern'', Ingo Koch Verlag, Rostock, ISBN 3-935319-23-1; cited in Burg Stargard in the ''German Wikipedia''〕 Supposedly to avoid confusion with other cities named Stargard, the town has been known as ''Burg Stargard'' since 1929.〔 Helge bei der Wieden (ed., 1996), ''Handbuch der Historischen Stätten Deutschlands: Mecklenburg/Pommern''. Stuttgart, 1996. ISBN 3-520-31501-7. pages 12–13; cited in Burg Stargard in the ''German Wikipedia''〕 From the early 13th century, merchants and artisans started settling around the base of the castle, betraying the increasing colonization of formerly Slavic areas and being of early importance as a centre of the Lordship of Stargard, named for the castle, with a ''Bergfried'' being erected in 1250. No archaeological evidence can be found for earlier Slavic settlements in the location, however. The castle is now the most northerly high castle in Germany and the oldest secular building in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. In 1259, Brandenburg awarded Stargard with town privileges. At the 1292 marriage of Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburg, the Lordship was given as dowry by the Ascanians to the princes, who later became dukes of Mecklenburg, with Stargard becoming the residence of the princes of Mecklenburg-Stargard, an offshoot of the Mecklenburg dynasty, between 1352 and 1471. According to the ''Sächsischer Lehnsabhängigkeit'', Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor granted ''Reichsunmittelbarkeit'' to the territory on 16 October 1347, subsequently granting the territory as a fief of the Mecklenburg princes. During the Thirty Years' War, the castle served as headquarters for Johann t'Serclaes, Count of Tilly, general of the Imperial forces, later becoming a seat of ducal administration. The town suffered during the general decline of the region in the aftermath of the Thirty Years' War. In 1758 a major fire largely destroyed the town; emblematic of the town's fading fortunes, losing its local importance. In the wake of the German Revolution, a 1920 ''Amtsordnung'' redefined political borders in the area, with an ''Amt'' of Stargard based in Neubrandenburg and an ''Amt'' of Strelitz, based in Neustrelitz.〔 Helge bei der Wieden (1976) ''Grundriß zur deutschen Verwaltungsgeschichte''. ISBN 3-87969-128-2, cited in Herrschaft Stargard in the ''German Wikipedia''〕 In 1929, the town of Stargard was renamed ''Burg Stargard'', to differentiate it from other namesakes, particularly the nearby ''Stargard in Pommern'', now Stargard Szczeciński in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland but then in the Prussian Province of Pomerania. On 10 January 1934, the two ''Ämter'' were merged into ''Kreis Strelitz'' district based in Neustrelitz, later to be known as ''Kreis Stargard''.〔 ''Gesetz des Staatsministeriums über die Neugliederung von Kreisen v. 10.01.1934'' (''Reg.Bl. f. Meckl.'' 1934, page 13), cited in Herrschaft Stargard in the ''German Wikipedia''〕 These local government arrangements survived until the 1952 reorganization of local government within the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).〔 ''Dabei wurde u.a. die Stadt Fürstenberg/Havel von Mecklenburg nach Brandenburg überwiesen.'' - Vgl. „Gesetz über Änderung von Grenzen der Länder“ v. 28. Juni 1959. (GBl. der DDR, 1950, Nr. 75, S. 631) sowie Durchführungs-VO (GBl. der DDR, 1950, Nr. 78, S. 659-660), cited in Herrschaft Stargard in the ''German Wikipedia''〕 During World War II, Jewish women from Poland, the Soviet Union and France were held in the "Nemerower Holz", an outpost of the Ravensbrück concentration camp, where parts were manufactured for the V-1 flying bomb, with between 1200 and 2000 women enduring forced labour here. In April 1945, camp Waldbau was emptied and the prisoners were forced on a death march to Malchow, where survivors were liberated by the Red Army. After the reunification of Germany, urban regeneration of the town included renovation of the castle and the historic town centre, though this latter is now falling into to decay. The castle is now a major tourist attraction in the area, with spectacular views from the tower and special events such as an annual knights' tournament. In July 2009, there was a three-day festival celebrating the 750th anniversary of the town's charter, with a parade showing scenes from the town's history, a rock concert and a fireworks display. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Burg Stargard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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